A couple of blogs ago, I introduced the most basic HTML tags to build your own web page. As I mentioned then, each HTML document consists of two main sections: the <head> </head>, and the <body> </body>. The <body> contains most of the things that are actually displayed on your screen when you view a web page. Today, however, I'd like to take a closer look at the <head>.
Most of the information inside the <head> tag is not directly visible to anyone viewing the web page. That does not mean that the contents of this section of the page are unimportant. Quite on the contrary! The head contains information that is vital for the functionality of the website - such as <style> tags that ensure the page is displayed the way it was set up by the designer, and <script> tags that specify any scripts running on your computer while you are viewing the page - for instance the popular Javascript, which enables a lot of the enhanced functionality you can admire on a professionally designed site. These can either be included in each individual page's <head>, or they can reside in an external file - a CSS style sheet or a script file - in which case the <head> tag would include a link to the external files which are needed to display the page correctly.
The <head> tag also contains information that is very important for search engines - if you are keen on improving your site ranking and get your pages found by more people, don't neglect paying attention to the tags in your <head>.
In my last blog on this topic, I already briefly covered the <title> tag. The line of text inside the <title></title> is what is displayed on top of your browser window. It is not to be confused with the main page headline inside your <body></body> tag, though it may well be the same line of text.
Next to your domain name, the <title> </title> is the single most important part of the site that determines how a search engine ranks your page's relevance for a certain keyword. Say you have a site about biking equipment. If you are lucky, you might have secured the domain "bikingequipment.com" which ensures that if someone enters the search term "biking equipment", your site is likely to be ranked quite high - if your domain name is equal to the search term entered, the search engine will assume that your site will be a good match.
These days, however, really obvious domain names are getting quite rare, and it is likely that if you are starting a new business and building a new website, someone else will have secured the domain "bikingequipment.com" already, and even alternatives like "bikingequipment.biz" or "bikingequipment.net" or "bikingequipment.co.nz" may already be taken (if the first business is smart, they will have registered all those variations themselves, to avoid having a competitor with a very similar domain name in the future).
Even if your domain has to be called something else - like "Petesstylishbikes.com" perhaps - no one can keep you from having the keyword "biking equipment" in your page title. If you are a biking equipment business located in Featherston, it would also be a good idea to include this geographical indicator in your page title - so your page might be called something like "Biking equipment Featherston Wairarapa". But beware of the temptation of making the title too long - keyword stuffing is not something that search engines appreciate. In the case of the title tag, most search engines only consider them up to a certain length - about 35 characters would be good measure.
Another tag that has some relevance for search engines is the <meta> tag. There is some dispute about just how much value search engines place on <meta> tags, and some search engines ignore them completely. Since they are not visible to the viewer, this is a place where much keyword stuffing and attempts at manipulating search engine results have occurred in the past, which has given the tag a somewhat dubious name. However, some search engines - Google included - definitely take them into consideration, so it is worth paying them some attention.
There are several kinds of <meta> tags, and they don't all have to do with content - some of them specify which language or character set is used, and if the content is mainly text, or some other media type. The meta tags relevant for your search engine optimization are the "keywords" and "description" meta tags. As the name implies, "keywords" contains a list of keywords relevant to your page, and "description" contains a short line of text that describes your page. This is often the line of text that appears in your Google search results under the link to your page.
The format of those tags is somewhat different from what we have encountered so far. Say you want to include this short page description: "Pete sells the most stylish biking gear in all of the Wairarapa". The tag would then read as follows: <meta name="description" content="Pete sells the most stylish biking gear in all of the Wairarapa" />. If you wanted to break it up into keywords, write: <meta name="keywords" content="stylish biking gear Wairarapa" />.
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